En neuf comme en réhabilitation, les travaux sans tranchée proposent toute une gamme de méthodes et de matériels.

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Les travaux sans tranchée proposent toute une gamme de méthodes et de matériels, en neuf comme en réhabilitation.

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Fusée pneumatique, fonçage de tube ouvert, forage à la tarière, forage horizontal dirigé ou tunnelier (travaux neufs), tubage ou chemisage (réhabilitation) : une quarantaine de techniques sans tranchée peuvent être mises en œuvre. Focus sur trois d’entre elles.

1. Fusée pneumatique

Un marteau pneumatique permet à un cylindre creux de progresser sous terre par compression du sol sur une distance de 5 à 25 mètres. Une canalisation ou un fourreau de diamètre 45 à 300 mm est ensuite tirée en retour. Non dirigeable, la fusée pneumatique peut être équipée d'une sonde de localisation.

\n \n

\n $\"272$ \n Fusée pneumatique.\n \n

2. Fonçage de tube ouvert

Destiné à la création de nouveaux réseaux, le fonçage de tube ouvert met en œuvre un train de tubes creux (de 20 à 50 ml) enfoncé horizontalement dans le sol à l’aide d’un marteau pneumatique (ou de vérins). La tête est munie d’une « trousse » coupante. Les tubes en acier sont assemblés les uns aux autres, au fur et à mesure de leur progression, à l’aide d’un rail de guidage.

\n $\"272$ \n Fonçage de tube ouvert.\n \n

3. Chemisage en continu 

Le chemisage en continu convient particulièrement à la réhabilitation complète ou partielle (réparation ponctuelle) des réseaux d’eau et assainissement. L'une des techniques consiste à déployer par air comprimé une gaine souple imprégnée de résine thermodurcissable dans l'ancienne canalisation. Le durcissement est obtenu par chauffage avec de la vapeur d'eau.

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\n $\"272$ \n Chemisage en continu.\n \n

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Des techniques différenciées selon les opérations à réaliser